Hands-On Labs

Practical, browser-based lab environments across ethical hacking, pen testing, cloud and OT security. Free labs unlock with any account; advanced labs require a plan upgrade.

API_SECURITY9 labs

Pro

R4-02: Bridge of Sighs

HackerVerse 2025 Finals — GraphQL hides a server-side fetcher; the fetcher reaches a key store; a sealed payload is waiting.

INSANE
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Pro

R3-06: Key in the Door

HackerVerse 2025 Round 3 — API Expert. VaultDoor JWT — the kid header tells the server which key to use.

INSANE
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Pro

R2-10: Map Without Lock

HackerVerse 2025 Round 2 — API Hard. Mapless API treats login fields as document filters.

HARD
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Pro

R2-03: Schema Whisper

HackerVerse 2025 Round 2 — API Hard. DocVault's GraphQL API has more shape than its docs admit.

HARD
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Free

API A04: Rate Limit Bypass + Brute Force

A login API that 'enforces' rate limits — but broken in 3 ways: IP spoofing via X-Forwarded-For, case-normalization bypass, and no limit on password reset.

MEDIUM
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Free

API A09: GraphQL Introspection + Abuse

A GraphQL API with introspection left enabled in production, a hidden admin query, and no batch protection.

HARD
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Free

API A02: JWT Attacks — Forge Admin

Authentication API using JWT. Three classic token attacks: alg=none confusion, weak HS256 secret crack, and privilege escalation.

HARD
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Free

API A06: Mass Assignment + Data Exposure

A SaaS user-profile API that blindly binds JSON payloads to DB fields and returns too much data. Two vulns: mass assignment and excessive data exposure.

MEDIUM
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Free

API A01: BOLA Banking API

A banking REST API with hidden Broken Object Level Authorization (BOLA) + Broken Function Level Authorization (BFLA) flaws across 3 endpoints.

HARD
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CODING_CHALLENGE60 labs

Pro

CC-60: Bytecode VM

Coding Challenge — HARD. Build a stack-based bytecode interpreter with frames, jumps, calls.

HARD
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CC-59: Tiny Git

Coding Challenge — HARD. Content-addressable VCS with blob/tree/commit objects, log, diff, checkout.

HARD
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Pro

CC-58: Circuit Breaker

Coding Challenge — HARD. Implement closed/open/half-open state machine with concurrent-call semantics.

HARD
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Pro

CC-57: Tiny Regex

Coding Challenge — HARD. Build a regex engine supporting . * + ? [..] \d \w \s and groups.

HARD
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Pro

CC-56: Bloom Filter

Coding Challenge — HARD. Build a Bloom filter with sizing, double-hashing, serialise/deserialise, union/intersection.

HARD
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Pro

CC-55: Message Broker

Coding Challenge — HARD. Build a RabbitMQ-style broker with direct/fanout/topic exchanges, ack/nack, DLX.

HARD
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Pro

CC-54: Parser Combinators

Coding Challenge — HARD. Build parser combinators and use them for arithmetic with precedence.

HARD
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CC-53: Virtual DOM

Coding Challenge — HARD. Implement diff/patch with keyed-children reorder using move ops.

HARD
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CC-52: A* Pathfinding

Coding Challenge — HARD. A* on a 2D grid with 4-dir or 8-dir + manhattan/chebyshev heuristics.

HARD
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CC-51: Template Engine

Coding Challenge — HARD. Mustache-style renderer with sections, inverted sections, partials, dotted lookup, raw triple-mustache.

HARD
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Pro

CC-50: Webhook HMAC

Coding Challenge — MEDIUM. Verify Stripe-style webhook signatures with timestamp tolerance, rotation, and constant-time compare.

MEDIUM
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Pro

CC-49: Cron Scheduler

Coding Challenge — MEDIUM. Compute next-run for a 5-field cron expression in UTC.

MEDIUM
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Pro

CC-48: Diff (LCS)

Coding Challenge — MEDIUM. LCS-based array diff with apply + unified-format output.

MEDIUM
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Pro

CC-47: i18n Format

Coding Challenge — MEDIUM. Tiny ICU-message-format-lite with plural, number, date for en + hi.

MEDIUM
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Pro

CC-46: Markdown Tables

Coding Challenge — MEDIUM. Convert a GFM markdown table to HTML with alignment.

MEDIUM
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Pro

CC-45: Job Queue

Coding Challenge — HARD. Build a job queue with concurrency cap, priority, pause/resume, clear, and events.

HARD
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CC-44: Mini Redux

Coding Challenge — HARD. Build a Redux-style store with subscribe, combineReducers, and applyMiddleware.

HARD
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CC-43: Rooms + Presence

Coding Challenge — HARD. Build a chat-style room server with presence, broadcast, and per-user fan-out across multiple sockets.

HARD
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CC-42: GraphQL Engine

Coding Challenge — HARD. Execute a parsed GraphQL AST against a resolver map with variables and error capture.

HARD
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CC-41: Concurrency Primitives

Coding Challenge — HARD. Implement async Semaphore, Mutex, and RWLock with writer-no-starvation.

HARD
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CC-40: Static Site Generator

Coding Challenge — HARD. Build a small markdown→HTML site generator with layout templating and an index.

HARD
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CC-39: Mini SQL

Coding Challenge — HARD. Parse + execute SELECT with WHERE/ORDER BY/LIMIT/OFFSET against in-memory tables.

HARD
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CC-38: Replicated KV Store

Coding Challenge — HARD. Build a leader-follower KV with monotonic ops, idempotent replication, and leader promotion.

HARD
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Pro

CC-37: HTTP Framework

Coding Challenge — HARD. Build an Express-style framework with routing, params, middleware chain, prefix middleware, and error handling.

HARD
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CC-36: Mini ORM

Coding Challenge — HARD. Build a tiny ORM with operator-based where, query chain, and multi-collection support.

HARD
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CC-35: Event Sourcing

Coding Challenge — MEDIUM. Apply, snapshot, and restore an event-sourced bank-account store.

MEDIUM
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CC-34: TTL + LRU Cache

Coding Challenge — MEDIUM. Bounded cache with both TTL expiry and LRU eviction, plus stats counters.

MEDIUM
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Pro

CC-33: Cursor Pagination

Coding Challenge — MEDIUM. Implement keyset pagination with opaque base64 cursors.

MEDIUM
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Pro

CC-32: Upload Pipeline

Coding Challenge — MEDIUM. Validate, hash, magic-check, dedupe an image upload batch.

MEDIUM
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Pro

CC-31: Auth Middleware Chain

Coding Challenge — MEDIUM. Three Express-style middlewares: authenticate, requireRole, rateLimitByUser.

MEDIUM
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Pro

CC-30: Batched Resolver

Coding Challenge — MEDIUM. Implement a DataLoader-style batcher: dedupes keys, batches per microtask, caches results, isolates errors.

MEDIUM
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Pro

CC-29: Pub/Sub Broker

Coding Challenge — MEDIUM. In-memory pub/sub with + and # topic wildcards, error isolation, ordering.

MEDIUM
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Pro

CC-28: CSV Import

Coding Challenge — MEDIUM. Parse + validate + transform + dedupe a member-import CSV.

MEDIUM
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Pro

CC-27: Promise Helpers

Coding Challenge — MEDIUM. Reimplement Promise.all / .race / .allSettled from scratch.

MEDIUM
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Pro

CC-26: Search API

Coding Challenge — MEDIUM. Build /search with multi-field matching, simple ranking, category filter, and pagination.

MEDIUM
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Pro

CC-25: Retry With Backoff

Coding Challenge — LOW. Implement async retry with exponential backoff, shouldRetry predicate, onRetry callback.

EASY
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CC-24: URL Builder

Coding Challenge — LOW. Append query params to a URL with proper encoding, array repetition, and fragment preservation.

EASY
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CC-23: Throttle

Coding Challenge — LOW. Throttle with leading/trailing edge options + cancel.

EASY
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CC-22: LRU Cache

Coding Challenge — LOW. Build a bounded LRU with O(1) get/set, MRU-first iteration, has() does NOT promote.

EASY
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CC-21: HTTP Error Hierarchy

Coding Challenge — LOW. Build a 7-class error hierarchy with status codes, reason phrases, factory, and toJSON.

EASY
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CC-20: Email Parse

Coding Challenge — LOW. Parse one or more 'Name <email>' addresses, respecting quoted commas.

EASY
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Pro

CC-19: Array Chunk

Coding Challenge — LOW. Implement chunk + chunkBy with input validation and immutability.

EASY
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Pro

CC-18: Slugify

Coding Challenge — LOW. URL slug generator with diacritics + collision handling.

EASY
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Pro

CC-17: Currency Format

Coding Challenge — LOW. Format INR (lakh/crore), USD, EUR, GBP, JPY with correct grouping and decimal rules.

EASY
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Pro

CC-16: Deep Equal

Coding Challenge — LOW. Implement deepEqual covering primitives, NaN, arrays, objects, Date, RegExp.

EASY
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CC-15: Rate Limiter

Coding Challenge — MEDIUM. Implement a sliding-window rate limiter with retryAfterMs.

MEDIUM
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CC-14: Data Table

Coding Challenge — MEDIUM. Implement query() with filters, search, multi-sort, and pagination.

MEDIUM
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Pro

CC-13: Refresh-Token Race

Coding Challenge — MEDIUM. Implement refresh-token rotation that's safe under concurrent calls with the same old token.

MEDIUM
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CC-12: Fix the N+1

Coding Challenge — MEDIUM. Refactor a feed query that does N+1+M lookups down to ≤ 4 prepared-statement calls.

MEDIUM
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Pro

CC-11: Build a TODO API

Coding Challenge — MEDIUM. Build a small REST API with JWT auth, bcrypt passwords, and per-user ownership.

MEDIUM
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Pro

CC-10: Form Validation

Coding Challenge — LOW. Implement signup validation that catches multiple errors at once.

EASY
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CC-09: Off by a Day

Coding Challenge — LOW. Date range filter excludes the `to` day. Make it inclusive without excluding the start.

EASY
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Pro

CC-08: Promise → Resolved

Coding Challenge — LOW. Fix missing awaits, error propagation, GST + rounding in getOrderTotal.

EASY
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Pro

CC-07: CORS Mess

Coding Challenge — LOW. CORS allowlist with subdomain wildcard. No * fallback, no suffix-attack vulnerabilities.

EASY
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Pro

CC-06: Wrong Status

Coding Challenge — LOW. Five REST handlers always return 200. Make them return the correct status codes.

EASY
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Pro

CC-05: Broken Debounce

Coding Challenge — LOW. Implement debounce(fn, ms) with cancel() and `this` preserved.

EASY
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Pro

CC-04: Stale Cache

Coding Challenge — LOW. A user cache never invalidates. Add proper invalidation, update, delete.

EASY
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Pro

CC-03: Leaky WHERE

Coding Challenge — LOW. SQL by string concatenation is vulnerable. Convert to a parameterised query.

EASY
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Pro

CC-02: Bad Pagination

Coding Challenge — LOW. paginate() has off-by-one and clamping bugs. Fix all 10 assertions.

EASY
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Pro

CC-01: The Stuck Form

Coding Challenge — LOW. Two pure functions drive a React signup form. Both have bugs — fix them so submission and per-keystroke updates work correctly.

EASY
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CRYPTOGRAPHY2 labs

Pro

R4-05: Witness Mark

HackerVerse 2025 Finals — recover keys from a memory dump, factor a small modulus, decrypt the payload.

INSANE
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Pro

R2-07: Quiet Side of the Wire

HackerVerse 2025 Round 2 — Crypto Hard. Token verifier with two distinct error responses.

HARD
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CYBER_SECURITY13 labs

Free

IAM: SCIM Directory Enumeration

A SCIM 2.0 endpoint with 3 flaws: unauth enumeration, filter injection, and bulk-update privilege escalation.

HARD
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Free

CEH: PCAP Forensics Challenge

You've captured network traffic. Analyze it to find 3 secrets: a cleartext password, an exfil'd file, and a DNS tunneling channel.

MEDIUM
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Free

CEH: Linux Privilege Escalation CTF

Low-priv shell as 'victim'. Escalate to root via 3 paths: SUID binary, sudo NOPASSWD, writable cron script.

HARD
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Free

IAM: Multi-Factor Authentication Bypass

A login flow with 3 MFA flaws: response tampering, flow skip via direct endpoint call, and backup-code brute force.

MEDIUM
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Free

IAM: SAML Assertion Tampering

A SAML 2.0 SP that performs weak XML validation — susceptible to XML signature wrapping (XSW) and assertion tampering.

HARD
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Free

IAM: Password Reset Attacks

Three classic password-reset flaws: predictable token, host header injection, and user-enumeration race condition.

MEDIUM
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Free

IAM: RBAC Bypass Attacks

A CRM app with Role-Based Access Control — implemented wrong 3 ways. Escalate from 'salesperson' to 'admin' via header tampering, cookie flags, and endpoint-level auth gaps.

MEDIUM
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Free

IAM: OAuth 2.0 Redirect URI Attack

An OAuth provider with 3 redirect_uri validation flaws: prefix match, open redirect chain, and path traversal in the allowlist.

HARD
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Free

CEH: Advanced Command Injection CTF

Three command injection challenges with filter bypasses: basic shell injection, filtered metachars, and blind time-based injection.

HARD
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Free

CEH: Network Enumeration

Simulated nmap + banner grab against a corporate network. Enumerate 5 hosts, find open ports and fingerprint versions — one service is vulnerable.

MEDIUM
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Free

CEH: Session Hijacking

A legacy webapp with 3 session flaws: predictable session IDs, session fixation, and cookie exposure in URL.

MEDIUM
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Free

CEH: Phishing Detection Academy

Examine 6 login pages (banking, Google, PayPal, Microsoft) and identify which are phishing. Analyze URL, form action, branding cues, cert details.

EASY
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Free

CEH: OSINT — Trace the Target

Multi-stage OSINT challenge. Follow breadcrumbs across fake GitHub, social profiles, and a pastebin to uncover an employee's credentials and find the hidden internal document.

MEDIUM
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DATABASE60 labs

Pro

DB-60: Database Firewall

Database — HARD. SQL allowlist + anomaly detection.

HARD
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DB-59: Streaming Replication

Database — HARD. Sync/async replication with quorum.

HARD
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DB-58: Tx Priority Scheduler

Database — HARD. Priority scheduling with aging.

HARD
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DB-57: Tiered Storage

Database — HARD. Hot/Warm/Cold tier movement.

HARD
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Pro

DB-56: Distributed Tx

Database — HARD. Logged 2PC coordinator with crash recovery.

HARD
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Pro

DB-55: Online DDL

Database — HARD. Non-blocking ADD COLUMN with chunked backfill + dual-write.

HARD
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DB-54: Paxos Log

Database — HARD. Single-decree Paxos with quorum + value adoption.

HARD
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DB-53: Plan Cost

Database — MEDIUM. Postgres-style cost arithmetic for plan nodes.

MEDIUM
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DB-52: Skip Scan

Database — MEDIUM. Index skip scan for composite indexes.

MEDIUM
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DB-51: Temporal Tables

Database — MEDIUM. SQL:2011 system-versioned tables.

MEDIUM
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DB-50: Trigger Engine

Database — MEDIUM. BEFORE/AFTER triggers with mutate/reject.

MEDIUM
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DB-49: Full-Text Search

Database — MEDIUM. TF-IDF ranking + phrase queries.

MEDIUM
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DB-48: Materialized View

Database — MEDIUM. Matview with sync + concurrent refresh + staleness.

MEDIUM
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Free

DB-47: Temp Tables

Database — EASY. Session-scoped temp tables with name resolution.

EASY
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DB-46: JSON Path

Database — EASY. JSONB path query with predicates + wildcards.

EASY
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Pro

DB-45: CDC Stream

Database — HARD. Change-data-capture stream with consumer offsets.

HARD
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DB-44: Vector Search

Database — HARD. pgvector-style kNN with exact + IVF.

HARD
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DB-43: Query Replay

Database — HARD. Trace replay with parallelism + regression detection.

HARD
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DB-42: Sharded Router

Database — HARD. Range/hash sharded routing with rebalance.

HARD
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DB-41: VACUUM FULL

Database — HARD. Heap rewrite reclaiming dead tuples.

HARD
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DB-40: LSM Tree

Database — HARD. Log-structured merge tree with SSTables + compaction.

HARD
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DB-39: Strict 2PL

Database — HARD. Strict 2-phase locking with growing/shrinking phases.

HARD
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DB-38: PIVOT / UNPIVOT

Database — MEDIUM. Row↔column transposition with aggregation.

MEDIUM
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DB-37: GROUP BY + Aggregates

Database — MEDIUM. GROUP BY with multiple aggregates + HAVING.

MEDIUM
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DB-36: Recursive CTE

Database — MEDIUM. WITH RECURSIVE fixed-point iteration.

MEDIUM
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DB-35: Wait-Die Prevention

Database — MEDIUM. Timestamp-based deadlock prevention.

MEDIUM
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DB-34: Incremental Snapshots

Database — MEDIUM. Full + incremental snapshot chain with restore.

MEDIUM
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DB-33: Physical Redo Log

Database — MEDIUM. Page-image redo log with replay and reconstruction.

MEDIUM
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Free

DB-32: Collation Comparator

Database — EASY. SQL collation comparison: binary/CI/locale/natural.

EASY
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DB-31: Row Format

Database — EASY. Postgres-style tuple binary encoding.

EASY
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DB-30: Foreign Data Wrapper

Database — HARD. Federated multi-backend queries with pushdown.

HARD
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DB-29: Row vs Columnar Storage

Database — HARD. Row-oriented and columnar storage with cost model.

HARD
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DB-28: SQL Injection Detector

Database — HARD. Pattern-based SQL injection scanner with scoring.

HARD
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DB-27: Nested Savepoints

Database — HARD. SQL savepoints with selective rollback.

HARD
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DB-26: Multi-Master Conflict

Database — HARD. HLC-based LWW with union-merge strategy for arrays.

HARD
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DB-25: Bloom Pre-Join

Database — HARD. Bloom filter for hash-join pruning.

HARD
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DB-24: Cardinality Estimator

Database — HARD. Cost-based row estimation with selectivity + join math.

HARD
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DB-23: Statistics Collector

Database — MEDIUM. Histogram + MCV-based selectivity estimation.

MEDIUM
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DB-22: Window Functions

Database — MEDIUM. ROW_NUMBER/RANK/LAG/LEAD/SUM with PARTITION BY.

MEDIUM
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DB-21: Cursor Pagination

Database — MEDIUM. Stable keyset pagination over sorted data.

MEDIUM
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DB-20: FK Validator

Database — MEDIUM. Foreign key constraints with CASCADE/RESTRICT/SET NULL.

MEDIUM
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DB-19: Bitmap Index

Database — MEDIUM. Bitmap index for low-cardinality columns.

MEDIUM
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DB-18: Hash Index

Database — MEDIUM. Linear-probing hash index with growth + tombstones.

MEDIUM
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Free

DB-17: ID Strategy Analyzer

Database — EASY. Storage/index cost of BIGINT vs UUID strategies.

EASY
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Free

DB-16: SQL Tokenizer

Database — EASY. SQL lexer producing typed token stream.

EASY
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DB-15: Isolation Levels

Database — HARD. Implement 4 SQL isolation levels.

HARD
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DB-14: Partitioning

Database — HARD. Range + hash partitioning with pruning.

HARD
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DB-13: Connection Pool

Database — HARD. DB connection pool with queue + idle eviction.

HARD
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DB-12: Query Optimizer

Database — HARD. Rule-based plan rewrites (pushdown, fold, combine).

HARD
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DB-11: B+Tree

Database — HARD. B+tree with page splits and range scan.

HARD
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DB-10: WAL Replay

Database — HARD. WAL replay with checkpoints + rollback.

HARD
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DB-09: MVCC

Database — HARD. Snapshot isolation with version chain + conflict detect.

HARD
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DB-08: Vacuum Scheduler

Database — MEDIUM. Autovacuum threshold + priority scheduler.

MEDIUM
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DB-07: Replication Lag

Database — MEDIUM. Track replica lag in bytes + ms.

MEDIUM
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DB-06: Buffer Pool

Database — MEDIUM. LRU buffer pool with dirty pages + pinning.

MEDIUM
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DB-05: Deadlock Detector

Database — MEDIUM. Row-lock manager with deadlock detection.

MEDIUM
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DB-04: Index Advisor

Database — MEDIUM. Recommend indexes from workload analysis.

MEDIUM
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DB-03: Join Planner

Database — MEDIUM. Cost-based join order with greedy heuristic.

MEDIUM
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Free

DB-02: EXPLAIN Parser

Database — EASY. Parse Postgres EXPLAIN ANALYZE output.

EASY
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Free

DB-01: Schema Validator

Database — EASY. Parse DDL + validate rows.

EASY
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DEVOPS60 labs

Pro

DO-60: Rollout Coordinator

DevOps — HARD. Multi-service coordinated rollout with rollback.

HARD
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DO-59: DNS Failover

DevOps — HARD. Health-based DNS failover with flap detection.

HARD
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DO-58: Resource Leak Detector

DevOps — HARD. Detect orphan cloud resources not in IaC.

HARD
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Pro

DO-57: Cluster Upgrade

DevOps — HARD. Cordon/drain/upgrade orchestrator with PDB.

HARD
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DO-56: Dependency Graph

DevOps — HARD. Service dependency graph with impact + topo + cycles.

HARD
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DO-55: Cost Forecast

DevOps — HARD. Linear regression cost forecasting + anomaly detection.

HARD
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DO-54: Pipeline Approvals

DevOps — HARD. N-of-M approval gates with author exclusion.

HARD
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DO-53: License Audit

DevOps — MEDIUM. SPDX license compliance auditor.

MEDIUM
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DO-52: Perf Regression

DevOps — MEDIUM. Detect perf regressions via threshold + z-score.

MEDIUM
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DO-51: Notify Dedup

DevOps — MEDIUM. Alert dedup + grouping + exponential backoff.

MEDIUM
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DO-50: Metric Scraper

DevOps — MEDIUM. Pull-model metric scraper with staleness + parsing.

MEDIUM
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DO-49: Trace Aggregator

DevOps — MEDIUM. Distributed trace span aggregation with critical path.

MEDIUM
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DO-48: API Gateway

DevOps — MEDIUM. API gateway with routes, auth, rate-limit.

MEDIUM
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Free

DO-47: Log Redactor

DevOps — EASY. PII redaction in logs and structured data.

EASY
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DO-46: Flag Rollout

DevOps — EASY. Percentage feature flag rollout with ramp + segments.

EASY
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DO-45: Tenant Isolation

DevOps — HARD. Multi-tenant router with rate-limit + isolation.

HARD
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DO-44: Pull-Through Cache

DevOps — HARD. Registry pull-through cache with LRU + single-flight.

HARD
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DO-43: Stuck Job Detector

DevOps — HARD. Detect stuck/orphan jobs with action recommendation.

HARD
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DO-42: Workflow Templates

DevOps — HARD. Reusable workflow templates with param substitution.

HARD
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DO-41: Tag Compliance

DevOps — HARD. Resource tag policy enforcement engine.

HARD
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DO-40: IAM Role Chain

DevOps — HARD. IAM role assumption with chain + cycle detection.

HARD
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DO-39: Terraform Plan

DevOps — HARD. IaC plan/apply with create/update/delete/replace.

HARD
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DO-38: Audit Retention

DevOps — MEDIUM. Tiered audit log retention with auto-migration.

MEDIUM
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DO-37: Migration Runner

DevOps — MEDIUM. Ordered DB migrations with up/down + checkpoint.

MEDIUM
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DO-36: Drift Detector

DevOps — MEDIUM. Compare desired vs actual infrastructure state.

MEDIUM
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DO-35: Helm Templates

DevOps — MEDIUM. Helm-style template renderer with if/range/default.

MEDIUM
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DO-34: Backup Retention

DevOps — MEDIUM. GFS retention with daily/weekly/monthly tiers.

MEDIUM
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DO-33: CVE Tracker

DevOps — MEDIUM. CVE SLA tracker with deploy blocking.

MEDIUM
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DO-32: Webhook Signer

DevOps — EASY. HMAC webhook signing with replay protection.

EASY
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Free

DO-31: TLS Cert Monitor

DevOps — EASY. Track TLS cert expiry with warning tiers.

EASY
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Pro

DO-30: Traffic Shifter

DevOps — HARD. Weighted traffic routing with sticky sessions.

HARD
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Pro

DO-29: Image Promotion

DevOps — HARD. Dev → staging → prod with attestation gates.

HARD
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Pro

DO-28: Build Pipeline DAG

DevOps — HARD. Topo-ordered build DAG with cache invalidation.

HARD
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DO-27: SRE Error Budget

DevOps — HARD. SLO error budget tracking with burn rate alerts.

HARD
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DO-26: Log Aggregator

DevOps — HARD. Multi-source aggregator with dedup + tag index.

HARD
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DO-25: Cost Allocator

DevOps — HARD. Tag-based bill split with shared pool.

HARD
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DO-24: DR Orchestrator

DevOps — HARD. Multi-region failover with freeze + quorum.

HARD
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DO-23: Pod Scheduler

DevOps — MEDIUM. Bin-packing scheduler with affinity + selectors.

MEDIUM
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DO-22: Network Policy

DevOps — MEDIUM. k8s-style label-based network policies.

MEDIUM
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DO-21: PR Merge Queue

DevOps — MEDIUM. Serialize PR merges with path-overlap detection.

MEDIUM
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DO-20: Chaos Injector

DevOps — MEDIUM. Probabilistic fault injection with match rules.

MEDIUM
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DO-19: Horizontal Autoscaler

DevOps — MEDIUM. Target-tracking HPA with stabilization windows.

MEDIUM
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DO-18: Service Discovery

DevOps — MEDIUM. SRV-style registry with priority + weight.

MEDIUM
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Free

DO-17: Build Cache Key

DevOps — EASY. Deterministic cache keys for build steps.

EASY
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Free

DO-16: Health Check Probe

DevOps — EASY. Liveness/readiness probe with hysteresis.

EASY
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DO-15: Namespace Resource Quota

DevOps — HARD. k8s-style namespace quota admission.

HARD
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DO-14: On-Call Rotation

DevOps — HARD. Rotation schedule + escalation chain.

HARD
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DO-13: Rolling Restart

DevOps — HARD. Rolling restart honoring maxUnavailable + maxSurge.

HARD
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DO-12: Config Cascade

DevOps — HARD. 3-layer config merge with provenance tracking.

HARD
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DO-11: Secret Rotation

DevOps — HARD. Versioned secrets with overlap grace window.

HARD
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DO-10: Mesh Circuit Breaker

DevOps — HARD. Per-service breaker with per-route overrides.

HARD
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DO-09: Canary Controller

DevOps — HARD. Metric-driven canary progression with auto-rollback.

HARD
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DO-08: Image Tag Policy

DevOps — MEDIUM. Enforce semver/registry/digest policies on image refs.

MEDIUM
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DO-07: Port Allocator

DevOps — MEDIUM. Dynamic port pool with sticky + reserved bindings.

MEDIUM
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DO-06: Blue/Green Deploy

DevOps — MEDIUM. Blue/green deployment state machine with healthcheck + rollback.

MEDIUM
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DO-05: Log Tailer

DevOps — MEDIUM. Streaming log tailer with grep + context + follow.

MEDIUM
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DO-04: Dockerfile Linter

DevOps — MEDIUM. Detect Dockerfile anti-patterns.

MEDIUM
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DO-03: Cron Parser

DevOps — MEDIUM. 5-field cron parser with next-fire computation.

MEDIUM
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Free

DO-02: Env-file Merger

DevOps — EASY. Merge .env layers with provenance tracking.

EASY
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Free

DO-01: YAML Config Parser

DevOps — EASY. Parse YAML-lite + dot-path get/set.

EASY
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FORENSICS6 labs

Pro

R4-04: Last Mile

HackerVerse 2025 Finals — RE the verifier, write a keygen, then notice the format itself has a flaw.

INSANE
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Pro

R3-04: Binary Confessions

HackerVerse 2025 Round 3 — RE Expert. A stripped ELF with one entry point. Recover the password it accepts.

INSANE
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R2-06: Echoes in the Heap

HackerVerse 2025 Round 2 — Forensics Hard. Memory dump with decoy flags. The real one isn't ASCII.

HARD
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R1-08: Ghost in the Feed

HackerVerse 2025 Round 1 — OSINT Medium. A user posts photos online. Find their real name, the city of their latest landscape, and their employer. Submit name|city|employer.

MEDIUM
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R1-07: The Hidden Layer

HackerVerse 2025 Round 1 — Forensics Medium. An image with something hidden in it. Read it, follow it, and carve what you find.

MEDIUM
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R1-06: Captured

HackerVerse 2025 Round 1 — Forensics Easy. A packet capture from a suspicious workstation. Login is in the clear. The data after isn't.

EASY
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LINUX11 labs

Free

Hardening Linux Systems (Capstone)

The system has 7 deliberate security vulnerabilities. Find and fix them all. The capstone for the Linux Administration path.

MEDIUM
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Free

SSH, SCP & Secure Remote Access

Generate SSH keys, set up passwordless login, copy files securely with SCP, create config profiles.

MEDIUM
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Free

Linux Networking Commands

Essential Linux networking tools: ip, ss, ping, curl, dig, traceroute, and more.

MEDIUM
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Free

Package Management (APT)

Manage software packages on Ubuntu/Debian with APT and dpkg. Install, remove, search, inspect.

EASY
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Free

Process Management & Monitoring

Manage running processes, monitor system resources, find and kill rogue processes.

EASY
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Free

Shell Scripting Basics (Bash)

Write your first bash scripts. Variables, loops, conditionals, arguments, functions.

EASY
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Free

User & Group Management

Create, modify, delete users and groups. Understand /etc/passwd, /etc/shadow, /etc/group.

EASY
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Free

File Permissions & Ownership

Master Linux file permissions. Fix broken configs, change ownership, set proper modes.

EASY
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Free

Essential Linux Commands

Master ls, cat, head, tail, wc, sort, uniq, cut, grep, pipes, and redirection.

BEGINNER
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Free

Filesystem Navigation

Master navigating the Linux filesystem. Find hidden files, extract archives, follow symlinks, use find/grep.

BEGINNER
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Free

Introduction to Linux

Learn what Linux is, explore distributions, run your first commands on a real Linux system.

BEGINNER
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OT_SECURITY2 labs

Max

OT: Siemens S7 — Reactor Recipe Theft + CPU DoS

Multi-host OT lab with a simulated Siemens SIMATIC S7-300 controlling a chemical reactor. Three S7-protocol attacks: reconnaissance, recipe-secret extraction (DB2), and STOP CPU.

HARD
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Max

OT: Modbus Mayhem — Industrial Pump Takeover

Multi-host OT lab simulating a tank/pump system. PLC (Modbus TCP) + HMI dashboard + your Kali workstation, all on an isolated industrial subnet. Recon Modbus, manipulate registers, take down the pump.

HARD
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SYSTEM_DESIGN60 labs

Pro

SD-60: Time-Series Rollup

System Design — HARD. Tiered downsampling: raw → 1m → 1h → 1d.

HARD
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Pro

SD-59: Heavy-Hitter Detector

System Design — HARD. Misra-Gries heavy-hitter detection in bounded memory.

HARD
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Pro

SD-58: Resumable Bulk Import

System Design — HARD. Resumable bulk import with checkpoint + skip-on-error.

HARD
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SD-57: Transactional Outbox

System Design — HARD. Atomic state + outbox with replay-safe relay.

HARD
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SD-56: Order Book Matching

System Design — HARD. Price-time priority limit order book.

HARD
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SD-55: Gossip Anti-Entropy

System Design — HARD. Push-pull gossip protocol with version-based reconciliation.

HARD
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Pro

SD-54: Lease Lock

System Design — HARD. Chubby-style lease lock with global sequencer.

HARD
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Pro

SD-53: Multi-Tier Rate Quota

System Design — MEDIUM. Per-user hourly+daily quotas, all must pass.

MEDIUM
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Pro

SD-52: Feed Merger

System Design — MEDIUM. K-way merge of sorted feed sources with dedup.

MEDIUM
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Pro

SD-51: Backpressure Queue

System Design — MEDIUM. Bounded async queue with block/drop policies.

MEDIUM
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Pro

SD-50: A/B Test Router

System Design — MEDIUM. Weighted variant assignment with allowlist.

MEDIUM
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SD-49: Presence Tracker

System Design — MEDIUM. Online-user tracking via heartbeats.

MEDIUM
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Pro

SD-48: Social Graph BFS

System Design — MEDIUM. Shortest path + friends-of-friends in social graph.

MEDIUM
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Free

SD-47: Schema Validator

System Design — EASY. JSON-Schema-style validator with collected errors.

EASY
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Free

SD-46: KV with TTL

System Design — EASY. In-memory KV with per-key time-to-live.

EASY
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Pro

SD-45: Multi-Region Replication

System Design — HARD. Async cross-region replication with LWW.

HARD
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SD-44: Priority Job Scheduler

System Design — HARD. Priority queue with aging to prevent starvation.

HARD
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SD-43: P2C Load Balancer

System Design — HARD. Power-of-two-choices load balancer with healthchecks.

HARD
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Pro

SD-42: Log Shipper

System Design — HARD. Tail-and-ship with offset checkpoint and retry.

HARD
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SD-41: CRDT Counter

System Design — HARD. PN-Counter CRDT (commutative, idempotent, associative).

HARD
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Pro

SD-40: Vector Clock

System Design — HARD. Vector clocks for causal ordering of events.

HARD
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Pro

SD-39: Raft Leader Election

System Design — HARD. Raft election state machine.

HARD
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Pro

SD-38: Count-Min Sketch

System Design — MEDIUM. Sub-linear frequency estimator.

MEDIUM
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SD-37: Skip List

System Design — MEDIUM. Probabilistic ordered set in O(log n).

MEDIUM
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Pro

SD-36: Trie Autocomplete

System Design — MEDIUM. Weighted trie with top-k prefix completion.

MEDIUM
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Pro

SD-35: Merkle Tree

System Design — MEDIUM. SHA-256 merkle tree with proofs and diff.

MEDIUM
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Pro

SD-34: Bloom Filter

System Design — MEDIUM. Probabilistic membership filter with bit array.

MEDIUM
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Pro

SD-33: LRU Cache

System Design — MEDIUM. O(1) LRU cache with capacity-bounded eviction.

MEDIUM
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Free

SD-32: Snowflake ID Generator

System Design — EASY. 64-bit unique IDs with timestamp + workerId + sequence.

EASY
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Free

SD-31: Egress Rate Shaper

System Design — EASY. Byte-rate shaper that schedules egress timing.

EASY
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SD-30: Service Mesh Sidecar

System Design — HARD. Sidecar with retries, timeouts, and circuit breaker.

HARD
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Pro

SD-29: Stream Join

System Design — HARD. Tumbling-window inner join over two streams.

HARD
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Pro

SD-28: Two-Phase Commit

System Design — HARD. 2PC coordinator with prepare/commit/abort phases.

HARD
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Pro

SD-27: Quorum KV

System Design — HARD. Cassandra-style replicated KV with quorum + read-repair.

HARD
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Pro

SD-26: CDN Cache

System Design — HARD. Consistent-hash CDN cache with stampede protection.

HARD
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Pro

SD-25: Event Log + CQRS

System Design — HARD. Append-only event log with materialized projections.

HARD
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Pro

SD-24: Saga Orchestrator

System Design — HARD. Saga pattern with compensating transactions.

HARD
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Pro

SD-23: Stock Tick Aggregator

System Design — MEDIUM. Aggregate ticks into 1s OHLC bars per symbol.

MEDIUM
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Pro

SD-22: Geofence Service

System Design — MEDIUM. Point-in-polygon geofence with bbox indexing.

MEDIUM
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Pro

SD-21: Search Index

System Design — MEDIUM. Inverted-index search with TF-IDF scoring + prefix completion.

MEDIUM
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Pro

SD-20: Session Store

System Design — MEDIUM. Session store with sliding idle timeout + absolute cap + per-user destroy.

MEDIUM
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Pro

SD-19: Notification Fan-Out

System Design — MEDIUM. Multi-channel notifications with prefs, quiet hours, dedup, channel-error isolation.

MEDIUM
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SD-18: Inventory Reservation

System Design — MEDIUM. Inventory with TTL'd reservations; never oversells under concurrency.

MEDIUM
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Pro

SD-17: Click Counter

System Design — EASY. Track clicks per resource in 1-min/1-hour/24-hour rolling windows with bounded memory.

EASY
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Pro

SD-16: Feature Flags

System Design — EASY. Per-user flag service with percent rollout, allow/deny lists, and stable bucketing.

EASY
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SD-15: Ride-Share Dispatcher

System Design — HARD. Geo-bucketed driver-rider matching with throughput and fairness budgets.

HARD
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SD-14: Job Scheduler

System Design — HARD. Delayed-job scheduler with at-least-once delivery, visibility timeout, retries, dead-letter.

HARD
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SD-13: Idempotent Payments

System Design — HARD. Idempotent charge endpoint with conflict detection + concurrent-retry safety.

HARD
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SD-12: Distributed Lock

System Design — HARD. Lock service with TTLs and globally-monotonic fencing tokens.

HARD
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SD-11: LRU + WAL

System Design — HARD. LRU cache with crash-safe write-ahead log + compaction.

HARD
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SD-10: Replicated Shortener

System Design — HARD. Quorum-based replicated shortener: handles failures, partitions, recovery.

HARD
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SD-09: Shortener at 10k QPS

System Design — HARD. URL shortener with strict throughput + p99 latency budgets.

HARD
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Pro

SD-08: Email Queue

System Design — MEDIUM. Priority queue with dedup, sendAt delay, retries with backoff, dead-letter.

MEDIUM
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SD-07: HLL Counter

System Design — MEDIUM. Approximate distinct counter (HyperLogLog) with merge + serialise.

MEDIUM
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Pro

SD-06: Leaderboard Top-K

System Design — MEDIUM. Maintain top-K efficiently under heavy churn with O(log n) ops.

MEDIUM
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SD-05: Pub/Sub Fanout

System Design — MEDIUM. High-fanout pub/sub with error isolation and 1M deliveries/sec target.

MEDIUM
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SD-04: Consistent Hash Router

System Design — MEDIUM. Consistent-hash ring with virtual nodes; minimal remap on add/remove.

MEDIUM
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Pro

SD-03: Sliding-Window Cluster

System Design — MEDIUM. Distributed sliding-window rate limiter that holds globally across N edge nodes via shared store.

MEDIUM
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Pro

SD-02: URL Shortener (in-memory)

System Design — EASY. Build a tinyurl-style shortener with idempotency, custom aliases, hit counting.

EASY
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Pro

SD-01: Token Bucket

System Design — EASY. Per-key token bucket with capacity + refill rate. Auto-graded for correctness, throughput, and fairness.

EASY
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WEB_SECURITY32 labs

Pro

R4-03: Trial by Fire

HackerVerse 2025 Finals — pickle RCE → recover token → HMAC-sign admin command.

INSANE
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Pro

R4-01: The Vault

HackerVerse 2025 Finals — three-stage chain. SSTI, file read, JWT forge.

INSANE
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Pro

R3-10: Out of Order

HackerVerse 2025 Round 3 — Web Expert. NoteVault search returns 200 OK for everything. The response time isn't constant.

INSANE
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Pro

R3-09: Race the Lock

HackerVerse 2025 Round 3 — Web Expert. RewardOne single-use coupons. Reach ₹150.

INSANE
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Pro

R3-08: Filter Before Function

HackerVerse 2025 Round 3 — Web Expert. YamlPort loads configs. External requests get safe_load. Internal ones get more.

INSANE
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Pro

R3-05: Socket to Me

HackerVerse 2025 Round 3 — Web Expert. StatusOne fetches localhost diagnostics. There's a daemon listening that shouldn't be exposed.

INSANE
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Pro

R3-02: Trust the Pickle

HackerVerse 2025 Round 3 — Web Expert. SessionPort imports a session, but checks for dangerous strings.

INSANE
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R3-01: The Smuggler's Handshake

HackerVerse 2025 Round 3 — Web Expert. A frontend and a backend disagree about how to read a request.

INSANE
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Pro

R3-07: The Long Way Around

HackerVerse 2025 Round 3 — Web Hard. VaultPanel checks Origin before running admin commands. The check has shape.

HARD
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R3-03: Cache Has Memory

HackerVerse 2025 Round 3 — Web Hard. NewsLine has a CDN cache. The admin reviewer visits every 20 seconds.

HARD
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Pro

R2-09: The Pipeline

HackerVerse 2025 Round 2 — Web Hard. CSVImporter runs `wc -l` on what you upload.

HARD
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Pro

R2-08: Document Returned

HackerVerse 2025 Round 2 — Web Hard. DocBack validates purchase-order XML. They've blocked the obvious external-entity attack.

HARD
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Pro

R2-05: Render Unto Server

HackerVerse 2025 Round 2 — Web Hard. Greetly renders user input through a template. The filter is opinionated.

HARD
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R2-04: Two of Everything

HackerVerse 2025 Round 2 — Web Hard. A small wallet API. The transfer flow is sequential but pauses in the middle.

HARD
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Pro

R2-02: Polluted Pull

HackerVerse 2025 Round 2 — Web Hard. Prefly merges user preferences into a settings object. Their merge function blocks the textbook payload.

HARD
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Pro

R2-01: The Cloud Inside

HackerVerse 2025 Round 2 — Web Hard. A URL-preview service with a hostname blocklist. The blocklist isn't enough.

HARD
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R1-05: The Greedy Endpoint

HackerVerse 2025 Round 1 — API Medium. Plinth ships a clean REST API with two flags hidden inside. Both reachable, neither obvious.

MEDIUM
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R1-04: Token of Trust

HackerVerse 2025 Round 1 — API Medium. FintechCo's banking API uses HS256 JWTs with a defensive guard against the obvious bypass. Find a way through it.

MEDIUM
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Pro

R1-03: Speak Friend and Enter

HackerVerse 2025 Round 1 — Web Medium. Westgate Public Library's staff portal trusts a homebrew sanitiser. Bypass it, then exfiltrate from a table the catalogue doesn't list.

MEDIUM
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Pro

R1-02: Comments Are Free

HackerVerse 2025 Round 1 — Web Easy. The Voice blog ships a comment sanitiser that strips <script> tags but allows event handlers. An admin bot reviews comments every 30s carrying a session cookie that contains the flag. Steal it.

EASY
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Pro

R1-01: The Forgotten Admin

HackerVerse 2025 Round 1 — Web Easy. A small e-commerce site went live with an admin panel left in robots.txt and default credentials in production. Find the panel, find the creds, retrieve the flag.

EASY
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Free

OWASP A04: Race Conditions + Business Logic

An e-commerce checkout with 3 business logic flaws: coupon double-apply race, negative quantity, and checkout step skip.

MEDIUM
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Free

OWASP A05: XXE + Deserialization

Legacy SOAP/XML endpoint with 3 flaws: classic XXE file read, blind XXE via error, and Python pickle deserialization RCE.

HARD
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Pro

File Upload Attacks: PhotoVault

Photo sharing platform with 5 file upload vulnerabilities: extension bypass, MIME spoofing, path traversal, SVG polyglot, ZIP slip.

HARD
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Pro

OWASP A10 + CSRF: TeamSpace

Project management app with SSRF (URL preview + webhook tester), CSRF (team transfer + email change), and open redirect.

HARD
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Max

OWASP A07: BankNote Authentication Failures

A digital banking platform with 5 authentication/session vulnerabilities: brute force, JWT alg=none, predictable reset tokens, session fixation, and forgeable 'remember me' cookies.

INSANE
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Pro

OWASP A01: MedVault Access Control

A medical records system with 5 broken access control vulnerabilities: IDOR, privilege escalation, path traversal, missing function-level auth, and cookie-based role bypass.

HARD
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Pro

OWASP A03: DataLens Injection Hub

An analytics SaaS platform with 6 injection vulnerabilities: SQLi (UNION + blind), NoSQL injection, command injection, LDAP injection, and SSTI.

HARD
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Max

XSS Challenge: NimbusPay (Extreme)

A SaaS invoicing dashboard with 5 XSS vulnerabilities buried in modern-web patterns: prototype pollution, postMessage, JSONP, client-side templates, and filter bypass via exotic schemes.

INSANE
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Pro

XSS Challenge: PulseTalk (Hard)

A Twitter-like social platform with a 'working' sanitizer. Five XSS vulnerabilities hidden in filter bypasses, DOM re-parsing, and client-side enrichment logic.

HARD
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Free

XSS Challenge: DevBoard (Easy)

A developer note-sharing platform with 4 XSS vulnerabilities hidden in plain sight. Explore like a real user, identify the weak spots, and pop prompt(1).

EASY
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Free

Web Vulnerabilities 101

Exploit a corporate portal with 7 real vulnerabilities: XSS (reflected & stored), SQL injection (auth bypass & data extraction), CSRF, command injection, and IDOR.

EASY
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